The Science of Mental Reps: Build Strength With Your Brain

Young woman in a large well-lit bedroom doing squats. She's wearing pink leggings and a pink sports top. She has hark hair in a pony-tail. She is facing the camera and smiling. Lots of light is coming in through the curtain to her left. In the background is a bed that is low to the ground (no legs). There's some green leafy plants in the room.
image: iStock

This week’s Better You, Backed by Science is about something that sounds impossible: using your mind to boost your strength and flexibility.

Last week I shared that your brain doesn’t always know the difference between something real and something vividly imagined. This is the same principle behind why visualisation works so powerfully.

But here’s the surprising part: imagining exercise can actually make you stronger – AND it doesn’t matter how old you are. 

I say this because most previous studies have focused on younger people.

But the youngest person in this study was 68. The oldest was 87. Researchers asked them to visualise doing bicep curls – three sets of ten, five days a week, for eight weeks. They never touched a dumbbell. 

Yet their strength increased by 22%. That’s a big result for doing “nothing.”

When you imagine movement – whether it’s dancing, lifting, playing piano, serving in tennis, or anything really – you activate many of the same brain circuits as actually doing it. Rehearsing in your mind strengthens those circuits. And when the brain changes, the body follows.

  • To improve a skill in sport, music, or dance.
  • To maintain strength if you’re injured or ill.
  • To support rehab after a stroke (see reference below).
  • To enhance flexibility and range of motion.
  • To keep strength gains going when you’re not training.

I first tried this for running. I was doing sets of 1k runs with a short recovery in between and decided to visualise my muscles as more elastic, my stride length longer, and running easier.

I reasoned that if I could improve my flexibility, and thus my stride length, I’d cover more ground with the same effort and so my times would improve. And they did.

After a week of 10 minutes mental practice a day, the difference was dramatic. I ran each 1k about 10–20 seconds faster than ever before, and it felt easier. The visualisation had carried over into reality – I could feel my stride lengthening just as I’d imagined.


  • Pick a stretch or yoga pose. Notice how far you go. Then close your eyes and imagine doing the same stretch with longer, easier, elastic muscles. Really imagine what it feels like as your muscles stretch with ease. Try the stretch again – many people notice an instant difference.
  • Want more strength? Choose an exercise – squats, curls, push-ups. In your mind, do two or three sets of 15 reps, a few times a week. Imagine the weight feels challenging. Then test yourself after a couple of weeks.

🎥 I’ve recorded a YouTube video where I dive into how visualisation works for building strength, to reinforce your learning.



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